Malunga neetshetshe zentsimbi ekhitshini, khetha i-dao elungileyo kufuneka siqale sifunde ukuqonda izinto zetsimbi, ukuze sikwazi ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika ezenziwe ngomgangatho wentsimbi xa kuthelekiswa nokukhetha eyona ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwazo imela ekhitshini ekhululekileyo.
Isixhobo sentsimbi,
-
Izinto.
Ngokwenyani ayintsokothanga, funda le ngcaciso ilandelayo, uya kuqonda.
Ngokomgangatho woshishino, isinyithi kunye nentsimbi yintsimbi ye-carbon alloy, umahluko ulele kuphela kumxholo wekhabhoni owahlukileyo, umxholo wekhabhoni jikelele ongaphantsi kwe-0.
Umnxeba wentsimbi ecocekileyo, intsimbi ekhandiweyo okanye umxholo we-2% kwi-0.
2 -
1.
I-7% yentsimbi, umxholo kwi-1.
Ngaphezu kwe-7% yentsimbi yehagu.
Ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-iron, umxholo wekhabhoni kunye nokuqina okungalunganga.
Ngekhabhoni encinci kwintsimbi, ukuqina kuncipha kancinci, kodwa amandla okuqina angcono kakhulu.
I-Battle-hardened igoqwe ngentsimbi yokufudumeza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, yenza iqela lentsimbi libe lukhuni, li-homogeneous, ukungcola, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wenkqubo yentsimbi.
Ezinye izinto ziya kwenza ezahlukeneyo zongezwa kwintsimbi kwintsimbi zineempawu ezahlukeneyo.
·C -
Umxholo wekhabhoni, unokunyusa ukuqina kunye namandla, unokunciphisa i-ductility kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, i-Cr ephezulu -
I-Chromium, i-chromium inokuvelisa uhlobo lwefilimu ye-chromium oxide engabonakaliyo kodwa exinene kakhulu, ukukhusela ukubola kwentsimbi, ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusika.
Nantso ke ubuhle bentsimbi engatyiwayo.
· Ni-
I-Nickel, inokunyusa amandla okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukunciphisa izinga lokubanda kokuqina, i-430 yensimbi engenasici: + 12% okanye ngaphezulu kwentsimbi ye-chromium, inokuthintela i-oxidation ebangelwa yizinto zendalo, ezibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasici, kwi-jis, ikhowudi. -ebizwa ngokuba yi-430, ngoko ke eyaziwa ngokuba yi-430 yensimbi engenasici.
Kodwa i-430 insimbi engenasici ayikwazanga ukumelana neekhemikhali emoyeni ezibangelwa yi-oxidation, i-430 insimbi engenasici ayisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo emva kwexesha, iya kuba ngenxa yezizathu ngaphandle kwe-oxidation yendalo (
Umhlwa)
Imeko;
· 18-
I-8 yensimbi engenasici, i-chromium iron + 18% + 8% nickel, ukuxhathisa imichiza ye-oxidation, insimbi engenasici kwikhowudi ye-jis ye-304, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-304 yensimbi engenasici;
· 18-
Insimbi engenasici: kodwa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali emoyeni ngakumbi nangakumbi, ezinye iindawo ezinamaqondo aphezulu ongcoliseko nakwi-304 ziya kuba ngumhlwa;
Ngoko amanye amanqaku aphezulu aya kusebenzisa i-10% ye-nickel ukwenza, ukwenzela ukuba ibe yinto ehlala ixesha elide kunye nokuchasana nokubola, insimbi engenasici ibizwa ngokuba yi-18.
Intsimbi ye-10 engenasici.
Kwezinye izitya ezifana 'ne-18 -
Ishumi lezona ntsimbi ziphambili zonyango ezingenasici '.
·莫-
I-element ye-molybdenum, izinto ze-molybdenum ikakhulu ukomeleza i-chromium kwimpembelelo yentsimbi ye-corrosion, ukwandisa amandla, i-oxide kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kwamanzi kulungile, gcina i-blade ibukhali ixesha elide, i-V -
I-Vanadium element, i-element vanadium kwintsimbi inamandla oksijini ye-asidi, ngoko ke intsimbi ye-vanadium ene-crystallization section isondelelene, yenza intsimbi ibe namandla aphezulu.
Nantsi indlela yokwahlula intsimbi yenqanaba lentsimbi ehlukeneyo iqulethe i-element kunye nomxholo wento ayifani, oku kuvelisa isinyithi esihlukeneyo sinosetyenziso oluhlukeneyo, ukukhupha okulungileyo omnye komnye.
1.
Intsimbi ephakathi -
Ikwaziwa njengentsimbi ethambileyo, umxholo wekhabhoni ngu-0.
10% ukuya kwi-0.
I-30% yentsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi kulula ukwamkela zonke iintlobo zokucutshungulwa ezifana ne-forging, i-welding kunye nokusika, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwikhonkco lokuvelisa, i-rivet, i-bolts, i-shaft, njl.
2.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi -
Umxholo wekhabhoni ngu-0.
30% ukuya kwi-0.
I-60%, ukwenzela ukwenza i-forgings yobunzima, i-axle, i-rail, njl.
3.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu -
Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yesixhobo, umxholo wekhabhoni ngu-0.
60% ukuya kwi-1.
70%, ukuqina kunye nokuthoba.
Ihamile, i-crowbar, njl njl ngomxholo wekhabhoni ngu-0.
I-75% yokwenziwa kwentsimbi;
Izixhobo zokusika ezifana ne-drill, itephu, i-reamer, njl njl ngomxholo wekhabhoni ngu-0.
90% ukuya kwi-1.
I-00% yokwenziwa kwentsimbi.
4.
Intsimbi yentsimbi -
Ukongeza ezinye iintsimbi ezifana nentsimbi yechrome, nickel, tungsten, vanadium, njl., yenza iimpawu ezintsha.
Ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ze-alloy, intsimbi ye-alloy inokumelana ne-corrosion, i-heat resistant, i-resistant resistant, i-shockproof kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuchasana nokudinwa.
5.
Isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi -
Iqulethe izithako ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo, njenge-tungsten, i-chromium, i-vanadium, i-cobalt kunye ne-molybdenum, njl.
Izixhobo zokusika ezenziwe nge-HSS, ezifumaneka ngesantya esiphezulu sokusika izinto ezinzima, kwaye zinokuthwala ukusika okuqinileyo.
Isixhobo sokusika isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu kwisantya esiphezulu sisenako ukugcina i-blade ibukhali, enye intsimbi inokuba buthuntu.
Apha kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ibakala intsimbi ezahlukeneyo permutation ezahlukeneyo kunye indibanisela izinto, umgangatho intsimbi ibakala eliphezulu kwaye eliphantsi kwakhona kuxhomekeke permutation kunye indibaniselwano ezi zinto.
Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwimarike imela yekhitshi eninzi yi3 chromium (
Cr element)
, I-4 chrome, ngokuqinisekileyo, inqanaba eliphezulu lexabiso lentsimbi liphezulu, ngokuqinisekileyo i-dao elungileyo kufuneka ibize.
Funda ukubona intsimbi, uqonde nesizathu sokumahluko phakathi kwexabiso leemela zasekhitshini. Ukukhetha i-DaoHui inoncedo oluthile.
