kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pahi kīhini

Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia pahi kīhini ʻo ia ka mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka lumi kuke, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hana kahiko loa no ke kanaka, a ʻoi aku paha i ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma mua o ke kanaka ponoʻī: Ua aʻo kekahi mau mea noiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hana ʻana i ka pōhaku. nā pahi, no laila hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i loko o ka Ua aʻo paha nā kūpuna o ke kanaka i ka hana ʻana i nā pahi pōhaku ma mua o ko lākou ulu ʻana i "kanaka". Nui nā ʻōlelo hoihoi e pili ana i nā pahi kīhini, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻo ia ka pono o nā mea kuke Kina i hoʻokahi wale nō pahi kīhini e lanakila ai i ka honua, aʻo nā chef komohana e pono i nā pahi kīhini he nui e kuke i nā kīʻaha maʻalahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pēlā, ʻoiai he hoʻokahi wale nō pahi kīhini i loko o ka lumi kuke o nā ʻohana Pākē he nui, no nā kumu kuke kiʻekiʻe o Kina, pono nā ʻano pahi like ʻole inā makemake lākou e kuke maikaʻi i ka meaʻai Pākē. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi loa. ʻoki iwi ʻaoʻao ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka pahi like me ka ʻiʻo i ʻoki ʻia (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka hope a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao), a ʻaʻole hiki ʻole. e kālai i ka "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" ma ka ʻili wai me ka pahi ʻokiʻoki.

Inā ʻaʻohe manaʻo intuitive, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a Ang Lee "Food and Drink Man and Woman". ʻO ka protagonist i loko ʻo ia ke chef o ka Grand Hotel ma Taipei. Pono ʻo ia i nā papa e hōʻike i nā ʻano kīhini like ʻole. pahi ma kona lumi kuke hale. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me nā mea hana a pau, loaʻa i kēia pahi kīhini ke kānāwai "kākāluakūmāwalu", ʻaʻohe mea ʻai Kina a i ʻole meaʻai Western, hiki ke hana ʻia ka 80% o nā kīʻaha me hoʻokahi pahi, akā inā makemake ʻoe e hana i ke koena 20% ʻO nā kīʻaha, pono ʻoe i ka nui He nui nā ʻano pahi like ʻole e hana. ʻO kekahi kumu o kēia ʻōlelo ʻana paha e huikau nā mea a pau i ka lumi kuke Kina i ke au o ka nele o ka waiwai i ka hoʻomanaʻo me ka lumi kuke o ka papa leʻaleʻa i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ke TV.

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha mai ka wā kahiko o nā moʻolelo i kākau ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia nā mākau kuke. ʻOiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻolohe ai i ka lumi kuke o ka poʻeʻilihune, aʻaʻole e hoʻolilo ka mea waiwai i ke kālā ma ka lumi kuke. Ua like loa keia lae ma waena o ka Hikina a me ke Komohana, aohe lumi kuke ma na hale kahiko ma ke Komohana, he hale kaawale wale no ka lumi kuke mai ka hale nui aku.

Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻoihana, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hana, ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ma ke Komohana, a ʻo ka papa waena, a me nā wahine hale waena o luna e kuke iā lākou iho. ʻO ka pahi kīhini o ka brand Western kaulana ka huahana o kēia ʻano. No ka lumi kuke ma ka hale, ʻo ka mea mua, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maka a me ka moʻa. Mai kēia manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka koi ʻana o nā kīhini Pākē, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻoki ka poʻe Komohana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o kā lākou lumi kuke ponoʻī. Mai ka hale kūʻai a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo. ʻoki ka hale kūʻai i ka ʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, wehe i ka ʻeke a hoʻolei pololei i loko o ka ipu hao. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pahi i ʻoki ʻia ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻalani e mau nō ke ʻala i ke ʻano o ka holoi ʻana. pono loa ka hana ana o.

Hoʻonohonohoʻia nā pahi i loko o kā mākou lumi kuke e like me kēia kumuhana: hoʻokahi no kaʻokiʻana i kaʻiʻo, hoʻokahi no kaʻokiʻana i nā mea kanu, a hoʻokahi no kaʻokiʻana i nā hua. I ka lōʻihi o kou hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahi, aia kekahi pilikia palekana. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā poʻe a pau mai nā rookies hou i ka lumi kuke a i kēlā mau mea kuke kaulana: ma ka hōʻike meaʻai "Iron Chef", nui nā mea kuke i ʻoki i ko lākou mau manamana lima i kahi. āwīwī. E pili ana i kēia pilikia, ʻo ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, "He maikaʻi maoli kēia pahi, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi loa, a he mea weliweli ke ʻoki ʻia ma kou mau lima!".

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino loa o nā pahi ʻūlū. I kekahi mau lā i hala aku nei, ua ʻike au i kahi haʻawina e helu ana i nā huaʻai "pilikia" loa i loko o ka lumi kuke, a ʻo ka paukena ka mea mua. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka ʻili paʻakikī a me ka ʻiʻo mānoanoa o ka paukena, e maʻalahi ai ka nalo ʻana i ke koena ke ʻoki.

ʻOiai ʻo ka kuke ʻana a me ka heluhelu ʻana i nā mele, ka pena, ka hoʻokani piano a me ka pāʻani ʻana he ʻelua mau mea ʻokoʻa, pono lāua ʻelua i kahi ʻano mālie. huaʻai ma ka TV. Ke hoʻohālike ʻoe iā ia, ʻo ka hapalua wale nō ʻoe ka mamao mai "ke koko i kaʻi ʻia ma ka papa ʻoki". I kēia manawa, mai manaʻo e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pahi ʻōpuʻu. Mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka ʻeha i hana ʻia e ka pahi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haehae i ka microscopically a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻeha i hana ʻia e ka pahi ʻoi e ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a hoʻōla wikiwiki.

No laila, no ka mea, mai hoʻohana i nā pahi kīhini pōpō. Hāʻawi ka papahana a Jamie Oliver i nā ʻōlelo aʻo maikaʻi e pili ana i nā pilikia palekana: ʻo ka mua, e kau i kahi lole pulu iki ma lalo o ka papa ʻoki i mea e pale ʻole ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka papa ʻoki i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana, a ʻo ka lua, i ka wā e ʻoki ai i nā mea kanu, e hoʻomaopopo i ka mua. no ka laʻana, i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka ʻuala, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki mua i kahi mokulele mai ka ʻuala, a laila e hoʻohana i kēia mokulele e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻuala ma ka papa ʻoki e pale aku i ke kaulike ʻole i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana. ʻO ke kolu, eʻae i kou pae pono'ī, eʻoki pono a me ka mālie (ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia kēia e LG nona, haha, i ka nui o kāna mau papahana, ho'āʻoʻo ia e pale i ka hōʻikeʻana i kāna mau akamai pahi, me ka lohi i ka hoʻopunipuniʻana i ka lehulehu ).

I ka wā i aʻo ai ka ʻape kahiko i ke kīkēkē ʻana i ka pōhaku e hana i ka "chopper" mua, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ma ka honua. I kēia manawa he mau miliona mau makahiki i hala, ua lōʻihi ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻape kahiko noʻonoʻo maʻemaʻe i ke kanaka me nā ʻōpū ʻokoʻa he nui ʻole, a ʻo ka "Cai Knife Sect" i hoʻoulu maoli i nā lālā he nui. Ma waena o lākou, ʻekolu mau mea koʻikoʻi loa: ʻO ka pahi kāki kaila Western, ka pahi ʻo Japanese Santoku, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi kā mākou pahi kīhini kīhāpai Kina kaulana.

Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi kēia pahi kāki keʻena Western he chef chef Farani. ʻO nā pahi koki kaila komohana he ʻaoʻao lōʻihi a haiki me ke kua mānoanoa a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻoi ʻoi. Pili kēia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahi kīhini ʻano Western, hoʻohana nā mea kuke i ka piko o ka pahi ma ke ʻano he fulcrum, a ʻo ka lau i luna a i lalo i ka papa ʻoki e like me ka guillotine e ʻoki ai i ka meaʻai.

He ʻoi loa ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahi kuke i hana maikaʻi ʻia me kahi kihi liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i ka piko a kūpono no ka ʻoki maikaʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao kokoke i ka ʻau he kihi nui aʻe a kūpono no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā iwi iʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. ka pahi a ka haku: E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pahi kīhini (1) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka kaulana o nā pahi ʻo Japanese Santoku mai ka hoʻolaha ikaika ʻana o nā mea hana paʻi kīhini nui o Western. Kapa ʻia ka pahi ʻo Santoku ʻo "Santoku Baoding" ma ka ʻōlelo Kepanī, a ʻo "Baoding" ke ʻano o ka pahi kīhini.

I ka nānā mua ʻana, ua like loa ka pahi Santoku me ka pahi koki kaila Western, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻokoʻa nui. ʻO ka mea mua, he pololei ka maka o ka pahi Santoku, no laila, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i luna a i lalo ke ala nui e hoʻohana ai, ʻaʻole like me ke ʻano pahi "swinging" o ka pahi chef kaila Western. ʻO ka lua, he lahilahi ka maka, a he mea kūpono ia no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO ka pahi ʻo Santoku: E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pahi kīhini (1) Ua kamaʻāina nā kānaka a pau i ka pahi kīhini kuʻuna Kina, no laila ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio naʻaupō. ʻO ka pahi kīhini kuʻuna maʻamau i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā ʻohana Pākē he ʻano puni like ia me ka pahi chef kaila komohana. o nā ʻano pahi kīhini mua ʻelua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he nui nā ʻano pahi kīhini Pākē, ʻo kekahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a kūpono i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā iwi o ka moa a me nā holoholona, ​​a ʻo kekahi ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka ʻoki maikaʻi ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā pahi, no laila, manaʻo ka poʻe he hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano pahi kīhini ma Kina, akā ʻaʻole.

E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka mea o ka pahi kīhini. ʻO nā pahi kīhini maʻamau ma ka mākeke ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mea, carbon steel, stainless steel a me nā ceramics. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika, e like me ka titanium maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka titanium alloy, i ʻōlelo ʻia he kūpaʻa ikaika i ka corrosion, a ʻoi aku ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā pahi kila, akā ʻaʻole kēia mau mea maʻamau, no laila ʻaʻole wau e hana. e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā lākou ma ʻaneʻi.

Hana ʻia nā pahi kīhini mua i ke kila kalapona. ʻOiai ʻo ka hao maʻemaʻe ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe kona paʻakikī. ʻO ka hopena, inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka maʻiʻo kalapona, lilo ia i mea hao, a ʻo nā huila hao-carbon wale nō me ka maʻiʻo ma waena o 0.2% a me 2.1% i kapa ʻia he kila. Ua aʻo nā kānaka e hana a hoʻohana i ka hao. ma ka liʻiliʻi loa elima kaukani makahiki aku nei, akā ʻo ia wale nō i loko o ʻelua kaukani makahiki i hala e hiki ai ke hana paʻa i nā mea kila. 'Ōlelo pinepine nā'ōlelo'ōlelo Haina "ua hanaʻia ke kila mai loko mai o hoʻokahi haneli hoʻomaʻemaʻe", "hoʻohanaʻia ke kila maikaʻi ma ka lau", a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Nui nā mea pohihihi ma hope o kēia mau ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻelua. ʻO kēia "hoʻoheʻe ʻana i ke kila" pili maoli i ke kaʻina hana o ka forging a forging i Kina kahiko e hana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe: hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea hana ʻeleʻele i ka blank a hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia a pelu ʻia, no laila ua puʻunaue like ke kalapona i loko, a me ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika o ka mea. A "hoʻohana ʻia ke kila maikaʻi ma ka maka" i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻeleʻele i ka ʻenehana composite no ka hana ʻana i nā pahi i ka wā liʻiliʻi o nā mea waiwai: ka hui pū ʻana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma o ka hana ʻana. hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he pahi, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i ka pahi.

ʻO ka nele o ke kila kiʻekiʻe i ka wā kahiko a me ka maopopo ʻole o ka hana kila ua hoʻohui i ka nui o nā mea pohihihi i kēia ʻoihana, a ua hoʻopuka pū i nā moʻolelo he nui. Ma Kina, aia kahi moʻolelo kaulana e like me "Moxie", a ma ma ke Komohana, he moolelo "Damaseko kila." O na hana mana a pau, e like me ka pahikaua i hanaia me ke kila Damaseko, ua hiki ke oki maalahi i ka pahu o ka pu raifela, o ka lauoho e haule ana ma ka maka, e hemo wale no, a pela aku. ʻOiai ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kila i hana ʻia e ka ʻenehana hou ma mua o ke kila Damaseko, ke manaʻoʻiʻo mau nei ka poʻe aia nō kahi kilokilo kilokilo i hūnā ʻia ma hope o kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona nani. I mea e kūlike ai kēia manaʻo o ka lehulehu, ua hoʻoikaika nā mea hana i nā pahi kīhini e hana hou i ke ʻano o ke kila Damaseko me ka ʻoihana hou. IKEA" e kūʻai i ka pahi kīhini Damaseko a māʻona. E ʻimi i nā manaʻo kahiko ma o ʻoe iho.

Aia ma lalo iho kahi kiʻi o kahi pahi kila Damaseko o ke kenekulia 18: E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pahi kīhini (2) He hopena koʻikoʻi ka maʻi kalapona i nā waiwai o ke kila. ʻO ke kila me ka maʻiʻo kalapona o 0.3-0.59% ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kila waena-carbon, he ʻano kaulike ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī. uwea kila ikaika a pela aku. ʻO ke kila i loaʻa ma mua o 1% kalapona ua kapa ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, akā ʻaʻohe paʻakikī.

ʻO nā pahi kīhini i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻea i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, a he maʻalahi ke hoʻokala i ka maka. He nui nā pahi Kepani i hanaʻia i nā mea like, e pili ana i kaʻoki maikaʻi i makemake pinepineʻia i ka meaʻai Iapana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kila kalapona ponoʻī nō hoʻi ka nāwaliwali make.

No laila, pono e holoi a maloʻo nā pahi i hana ʻia i kēia mea ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO nā pahi i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona he hui hui pū ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā pahi i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa e hoʻokala i ka maka, a paʻakikī ke mālama ʻana i ka maka, a e lilo koke ia i mea palupalu me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Ua lōʻihi ka hana ʻana o nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ke kila e hoʻonui ai i kona kūpaʻa ʻana. I ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻike nā kānaka he mea maikaʻi ke hoʻohui i ka chromium i ke kila. ʻO ka mīkini ka hana ʻana o ka chromium metala i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni a paʻakikī ma hope koke o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka ea, hiki ke pale aku i ka substrate kila mai ka ʻino ʻia e ka oxygen a me ka wai i ka lewa.

Inā luku ʻia kēia ʻāpana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hana hou ka chromium metala hou i ke kiʻi pale like ma hope koke o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka lewa, kahi e pale ai i ka ʻāpana kila holoʻokoʻa mai ka pala. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion o ke kila kila e pili pono ana i ka ʻikepili chromium, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chromium ma mua o 11% i kapa ʻia he kila kila. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka chromium metala, hoʻāʻo ka poʻe profiteers mai nā ʻano āpau o ke ola e ʻoki i nā kihi a me nā mea waiwai, a ua hānau ʻia ka manaʻo kilokilo o "stainless iron" ma ko mākou ʻāina.

ʻO kēlā mau kila kila i kūpono ʻia ma ka inoa he ʻokoʻa nui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, no laila ke kūʻai ʻana i nā pahi kīhini kila kila a me nā papa ʻaina, e nānā pono i ke ʻano o ka mea. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā huaʻōlelo 18/10, 18/8 a i ʻole 18/0 ma ka papa ʻaina kila kila, e pili ana i ka pākēneka o ka chromium a me ka nickel ma loko o ka mea (ʻo ia kahi ʻōnaehana kila kila kila kahiko, a ʻo nā mea ʻekolu ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi. e like me ka 316, 304 a me 2 series stainless steel). ʻO Nickel i loko o ke kila kila he mea kūpono ia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical, a i ka manawa like he hopena kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka metala nickel, no laila, hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana i ka metala manganese. ʻO kēia ke kumu kumu o ka "mea hao ʻawaʻawa" i hana ʻia e kekahi mea hana hale i kekahi manawa i hala. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia ke kumu o ke kālā. ʻO 18/10 (ʻo ia hoʻi, 316 stainless steel) he mea maikaʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i ka papa ʻaina, nā pahi, nā ʻōpala a me nā ipu hao, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā pahi kīhini, no ka mea, ʻo 0.08% wale nō ke kalapona i loko, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana. e loaʻa ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. Hoʻohana nā mea hana maʻamau o nā pahi kīhini i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kila kila me ka nui o ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana ʻē aʻe i ka 440 series stainless steel, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona he kiʻekiʻe e like me ka 0.6% a hiki i ka 1.20%, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā kūlana o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe pōmaikaʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Loaʻa i nā mea a pau nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino. ʻO ke kalapona i loko o ke kila ka hopena offsetting i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o chromium. Ke hoʻomau ʻole ka chromium maʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. . No nā mea paahana e like me nā pahi kīhini e pono ai ke hana i ka paʻakai a me ka acid-base i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻoi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ka mea hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻole ʻia. .

E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea seramika. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Zirconium dioxide, kahi pauka keʻokeʻo, e hana i nā pahi kīhini seramika. Hoʻokomo ka mea hana i kēia mau pauka i loko o ka mea wili o ka pahi kīhini blank, e hoʻopili i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o 120 atmospheres a hoʻomoʻa iā lākou i kahi kaiapuni o 1500 degere, a ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau pauka i loko o nā seramika paʻa paʻa.

ʻO ka paʻakikī Mohs o ka zirconia ceramics e like me 8.5, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o 6-6.5 o ke kila paʻakikī, no laila hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻia me ka huila daimana. pahi paakiki. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻaʻole i pau nā pahi kīhini ceramic ma lalo o ka hoʻohana maʻamau, a paʻa loa ko lākou mau mea kemika, no laila ʻaʻole lākou makaʻu i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka waika, alkali a me ka paʻakai maʻamau i ka lumi kuke. Manaʻo paha ʻoe ua hānau hope ʻia ke alakaʻi kaua e hoʻomalu nei i ka honua pahi kīhini, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pahi kīhini kila, ʻilihune loa nā pahi seramika i ka paʻakikī. He maʻalahi lākou e haki i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai ka ikaika o waho, a hiki nō hoʻi i ka pohā i ka wā e ʻoki ai ka maka i nā mea paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo ia no ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻano maʻamau. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, aia kahi "rula 28" i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā pahi kīhini. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ma ka home a i ʻole e ke kumu kuke ʻoihana, hoʻokahi ʻano pahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia (he nui nā ʻano pahi ʻaʻole pinepine. Hoʻohana ʻia). He kūpono no ka kuke ʻana o ke Komohana.

No ka pahi seramika, ma muli o kona ʻano paʻakikī a palupalu, ʻaʻole hiki ke pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka pahi kīhini nui i hoʻohana mau ʻia, akā inā hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia no ka ʻoki maikaʻi ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, aia nō nā pōmaikaʻi..